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\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Balisahi Govindaray Temple\u00a0 Ras Mancha \u2013Bhunyagarh (Ramnagar\u20132) \u00a0<\/strong>
Chinmoy Das<\/strong><\/p>\n

By chronological reckoning, this is a royal lineage about five and a half centuries old. At present, it has reached its 24th\/25th generation. The seventh zamindar of the family built a temple for the family’s tutelary deity and a massive Rasmancha (festival pavilion). This report is about that.<\/p>\n

From the 12th century to the middle of the 16th century\u2014a span of four and a half centuries\u2014many parts of the Medinipur district were under the rule of the kings of Kalinga. Especially during the reign of Ananga Bhimadeva, nearly the entire district was under his control.<\/p>\n

Not far from where the tourist destination Digha stands today, there was once a village called Birkul. A British Governor-General had wanted to develop the seaside village of Birkul into a health resort. Due to various complications, that never materialized. Later, the entire village was swallowed by the sea.<\/p>\n

During the Mughal period, Birkul was a pargana (administrative division). Its tributary ruler was a Khandayat chief. Once, the chief stopped sending tribute to the king of Kalinga. At that time, a certain Bhunya Vishwanath Das served as the “Bilayati Kanungo” in the Kalinga royal court. By the order of the Kalinga king, he came to Birkul, overthrew the rebellious chief, and established his own zamindari.<\/p>\n

Vishwanath’s ancestral home was in the village of Balibishu in Odisha’s Cuttack district. After establishing his new zamindari in Birkul, Bengal, he named it Balisahi. The capital was named Bhunyagarh. A grand palace was built there, and permanent residence began.<\/p>\n

Later, the king of Kalinga formally granted Vishwanath the zamindari and conferred upon him the title of “Chowdhury.” From then on, the surname of the new royal lineage became “Bhunya Chowdhury Kanungo Bilayati.”<\/p>\n

Still later, the sixteenth ruler of this lineage, Bhunya Nilambar Das, accepted the suzerainty of the Maratha power, or the Bargi forces. They conferred upon him the title of “Balliar Singh” and presented him with a large quantity of weapons, including two cannons. The British government later also permitted the Bhunya family to retain the use of these two cannons. They are still preserved in the royal residence.<\/p>\n

From the very establishment of Bhunyagarh, both Shaiva and Shakta forms of worship were practiced in the family. There were also temples dedicated to Shiva and Kali. Later, under the influence of the devotional movement propagated by Chaitanyadeva, Vaishnavite forms of worship became established within the family.<\/p>\n

By then, Shyamsundar Das had become the zamindar in the seventh generation. Once, a wandering ascetic stayed at the zamindar’s residence during a pilgrimage. Upon departing, he entrusted his cherished idol of Krishna to the zamindar. The idol was installed at Bhunyagarh, and worship began there. The deity became known as the “Sannyasi Murti.” After that idol was stolen, the temple came to house a stone image of Shri Krishna known as Govindaray Jiu and a brass idol of Radharani.<\/p>\n

The temple of Govindaray is built in the *dalan* style. With its three-arched entrance veranda and single-doored sanctum, the temple has an unmistakably regal design. However, our focus here is the deity’s Rasmancha. In fact, considering its grand nine-spired architecture, it would be more appropriate to call it a Rasmandir rather than merely a Rasmancha.<\/p>\n

After the abolition of the zamindari system, the grandeur of worship and festivals disappeared. The Ras festival itself has faded. The deity is no longer brought from the temple to the Rasmancha. As a result, the Rasmancha has remained abandoned for many years. Neglect and indifference have left it in a severely dilapidated condition. Yet, the majestic structure and architectural splendor of the monument can still be vividly felt.<\/p>\n

The first notable feature of the Rasmancha is its height of about five feet above the ground. A broad circumambulatory path surrounds it on all sides. Inside is a covered veranda extending all around. Groups of kirtan singers once performed there, dancing to the accompaniment of the *mridanga* and *khanjani*. Each veranda has three doorways. The ceiling of the veranda is built in the barrel-vault style, while the open sanctum inside has a domed ceiling. Five of the nine spires are built in the *chala* style. The cornices of the sanctum are particularly beautiful, their graceful curves resembling the elongated eyelids of a beautiful woman.<\/p>\n

Its terracotta panels also deserve special mention. They are all large sculptural figures, arranged on both sides of each pillar. The motifs include male and female musicians, Brahmins and Brahmin women, and many other subjects. One is left standing speechless in amazement.<\/p>\n

But everything is steadily deteriorating through neglect and indifference. Neither the family of temple custodians nor the Archaeology Department has taken any initiative to preserve this magnificent monument.<\/p>\n