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Sitaram Temple, Balrampur (Debra)<\/p>\n
Chinmoy Das<\/p>\n
A village spread over barely one hundred and fifty acres of land. Its name is Balarampur, in the former Sahapur Pargana, now under Debra Police Station in West Medinipore district.<\/p>\n
The elderly residents of the village say that the entire area was once the homestead of a zamindar (landlord). The zamindar owned a huge mansion comparable to a palace. There were elephant stables, horse stables, a court house, granaries, quarters for guards, a treasury, and many other structures. The zamindars bore the surname Mallik, and from this the place came to be known as Mallikber.<\/p>\n
At one time, a devastating outbreak of cholera and malaria struck the region. Village after village on both banks of the Kangsabati River was depopulated by the epidemic. Among the affected settlements were Pathra and Balipota under Kotwali Police Station, and Gopinathpur and Badar under Keshpur Police Station.<\/p>\n
Mallikber lay somewhat downstream from these areas. When the epidemic reached Mallikber, the zamindar abandoned the village. By then, British Calcutta had developed into a flourishing city. The Mallik family permanently relocated to Calcutta. From that day onward, shrubs, bushes, and dense forests gradually engulfed Mallikber.<\/p>\n
Many years later, people began returning to the abandoned village. Forests were cleared, and new settlements were established. A farmer named Gurai Samanta migrated there from Gandat village, also under Debra Police Station. He purchased some land and started a new homestead.<\/p>\n
One night, Gurai Samanta received a divine command in a dream:<\/p>\n
“I reside within your land. Unearth me and begin my worship.”<\/p>\n
And indeed, that proved to be true. The entire area was covered with gigantic trees and dense jungle so thick that hardly any sunlight could penetrate. It was a habitat for venomous snakes. Yet, remarkably, two temples emerged from within the wilderness. Trees and vegetation had overgrown them completely, and they stood in a severely dilapidated condition, with almost no plaster remaining.<\/p>\n
After cleaning the site, it was discovered that one temple still housed a Shiva lingam in good condition. The other temple contained nothing. There was no trace of any deity within its sanctum. Finally, based on the broken wheel emblem atop its spire, it was concluded that it had originally been a temple of Narayana (Vishnu).<\/p>\n
Pictures of Rama and Sita were brought from the market and installed in the shrine. Thus the temple came to be known as the Sita-Ram Temple. On full-moon days, a priest visits and performs worship accompanied by the sounds of conch shells and ritual cymbals. During the rest of the year, the women of the village offer water and sacred basil leaves and pay their respects to the deity.<\/p>\n
Why should we speak about such an obscure and neglected temple?<\/p>\n
Because there was a time when this shrine was regarded as one of the finest temples in the district. Its architecture, ornamentation, and craftsmanship possessed immense grandeur. And why should it not? The temple was designed by Thakurdas Shil, who was considered the foremost temple architect west of the Ganges. Zamindars of Medinipur would register their names and wait for years to commission a temple from him. It was by the hands of this renowned architect that the temple was built.<\/p>\n
Constructed in the Kalinga-style Shikhara Deul tradition, the temple is today in a pitiable state due to prolonged neglect. Even its plinth is almost buried beneath the ground. At the rear stands the Vimana or main shrine, while the Jagamohana (assembly hall) stands in front. There is no intermediate vestibule between them.<\/p>\n
The Vimana is a square structure approximately forty feet high. Its bada (base) and gandi (tower) are articulated with projections and recesses. A broad central raha-paga, two anuratha projections on either side, and two corner kona-pagas together create a Saptaratha (seven-fold) plan.<\/p>\n
The Jagamohana is rectangular and about twenty-five feet high. Its lower portion follows the hall-type (dalan) style, while the upper roof section is constructed in the chala style. The cornice beneath is gracefully curved. The roof employs the Pidha form of Kalinga architecture. It is divided into seventeen parallel narrow tiers. Their slender proportions lend the temple an elegant harmony.<\/p>\n
Above the hall stand three finials resting on the alasas. Each consists of a necking, a pot-shaped element, and an amalaka. The wheels that once crowned them have long disappeared, leaving only the flagstaffs intact.<\/p>\n
The ceiling of the Jagamohana is formed with a continuous vault. The sanctum ceiling is constructed by placing a dome upon four side arches.<\/p>\n
Near the northwestern corner of the temple, traces of a raised platform can be seen. Only the lower portions of two broken pillars remain there. The smooth and delicate layer of fine plaster still bears testimony to the craftsmanship of Thakurdas.<\/p>\n
The walls of the Jagamohana were once richly adorned with terracotta panels. Apart from one or two weathered plaques, nothing survives today. Thieves and unscrupulous antiquities collectors have carried them away. Examples of Thakurdas’s artistry can still be seen in the Shitala Temple at Suratpur in Daspur and the Shridhar Temple at Chamka in Kharagpur. He undoubtedly displayed similar mastery here as well.<\/p>\n
Three special features deserve mention:<\/p>\n
1. The foundation inscription still survives. A beautiful poem was composed for the inscription. A photograph is provided so that readers may appreciate its literary charm.<\/p>\n
2. A clock was painted by Thakurdas on the western wall of the Vimana. Images of clocks are rarely found on temples. Remarkably, this one remains almost intact. A photograph of it is also included.<\/p>\n
3. Instead of installing an iron lightning rod or a nude female figure as protection against lightning strikes, Thakurdas simply inscribed a Sanskrit sentence on the temple:
\n\u201cVidyudagnibhaya\u1e43 n\u0101sti patite ca g\u1e5bhodare\u201d
\n(\u201cThere is no fear of lightning or fire should it strike the interior of the house.\u201d)<\/p>\n
This too is an exceptionally rare feature.<\/p>\n
The eastern and western walls of the temple contain two ornamental replica Jagamohanas, both decorated with architectural embellishments. Two dvarapala (guardian) figures are also present, positioned on either side of the sanctum entrance. However, they are now in an extremely deteriorated condition.<\/p>\n